While the exact mechanism(s) for this antitumor activity of p-XSC remains to be elucidated, it appears that modulation of beta-catenin expression and COX-2 activity is associated with inhibition of intestinal polyps.
We speculate that high levels of COX-2 induce drug resistance in ERalpha-positive breast tumors, thus reducing the survival rate of patients with such tumors.
We speculate that Cox-2 upregulation, through its pivotal role in inflammation, is instrumental in the ALS neurodegenerative process and that Cox-2 inhibition may be a valuable therapeutic avenue for the treatment of ALS.
We found that levels of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (PTGS1; aka COX-1) and prostaglandin-endoperoxide receptor 3 (PTGER3) mRNA are increased, and levels of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2; aka COX-2) mRNA are decreased, in older subjects with schizophrenia (> 40years of age) compared to matched normal controls or younger subjects with schizophrenia (< 40years of age).
We conclude that COX-2 is involved in the development of functional deficits following diffuse TBI, particularly cognitive deficits, and that these can be improved by administration of COX-2 inhibitors.
We also report that the COX inhibitors sulindac, indomethacin and NS-398 inhibit cell growth in both COX-2-positive (BxPC-3) and COX-2-negative (PaCa-2) pancreatic tumor cell lines.
We also observed a reduction of MSI phenotype after aspirin or sulindac treatment in a hMLH1-defective gastric cancer cell line SNU-1, which lacks COX-2 expression.Int.J.Cancer (Pred.Oncol.)84:400-403, 1999.
To investigate the role of COX-2 in pancreatic cancer, we evaluated COX-2 protein expression in primary human pancreatic adenocarcinomas (n = 23) and matched normal adjacent tissue (n = 11) by immunoblot analysis.
To determine whether COX-2 induces drug resistance, plasmids encoding the COX-2 gene were stably transfected into ERalpha-positive MCF-7 human breast cancer cells (MCF-7/COX-2).